Original caption
A vinyl record stores music as physical movement carved into one continuous spiral groove. During playback, the stylus follows the groove's tiny variations and vibrates in response to every change in shape. The cartridge converts those vibrations into an electrical signal, which is amplified and played through speakers as sound. In stereo records, the two groove walls carry separate audio channels. Even the smallest dust particle, scratch, or damaged section can affect the stylus and become audible, which explains the familiar crackles and pops associated with vinyl.