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Never invest in real estate until you understand the numbers that separate the deals that build wealth from the deals that quietly bleed you out. Here are 5 formulas every real investor should know before signing anything: NOI (Net Operating Income) = Revenue minus operating expenses. Not counting your mortgage. This is what the property actually earns before financing. If someone shows you a deal and can’t tell you the NOI immediately, walk away. Cap Rate = NOI divided by purchase price. This tells you the return on your investment. Lease terms: Triple Net (NNN) means the tenant pays rent, utilities, property insurance, taxes, and maintenance expenses. Double Net (NN) means the tenant pays rent, utilities, a portion of property insurance, and property taxes. Gross Lease means the base rent includes maintenance, insurance, property taxes, and other utility charges. Percentage Lease means the tenant pays the landlord a percentage of their sales. LTV (Loan To Value Ratio) = Loan Amount divided by Appraised Property Value. This tells you how much you can borrow against the property. ROI (Return on Investment) = Net Profit divided by Cost of Investment, times 100. Cash on Cash = Annual Pre-Tax Cash Flow divided by Total Cash Invested, times 100. DSCR (Debt Service Cover Ratio) = NOI divided by Annual Debt Service. This is what lenders look at to see if you can afford the loan.