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Welcome back to part 2 of baking cookies with oil versus butter. But if you missed part one, go watch right now because now we're about science. Butter is about 80% fat, between 16 and 18% water. And of course, we cannot forget the small amount of proteins, sugars and the sugars. Oil actually is 100% fat. So the biggest thing that makes the difference actually is water in the dough. When the butter hits the oven, the water converts to steam, which actually creates a lift and slightly more tender, crumble. Oil doesn't have any of that. Butter also contains milk solids, which when they brown via the Maillard reaction, that's where the flavor complexity, nuttiness and caramelization on the edges comes from. Oil contributes no flavor unless, of course, it's olive oil or coconut oil, but it still has its own identity in cookies. Oil cookies are going to be more dense and butter cookies are soft.