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Eye twitching is an involuntary, repeated spasm of the eyelid muscle. Doctors call it myokymia. It most often affects the lower lid and is generally harmless. The eyelid is closed by a thin muscle called the orbicularis oculi, which is controlled by the facial nerve. When that nerve becomes overexcited, it sends irregular signals to the muscle. Small groups of muscle fibers then contract in rapid, repeated bursts. The movement is usually too small for others to see. Common triggers include stress, lack of sleep, caffeine, eye strain from screens, and dry eyes. Most episodes stop on their own within days. Rest, less caffeine, and regular screen breaks help. A twitch lasting several weeks should be checked by a doctor.